Centralized vs Decentralized Architectures
(OBJ 3.1)
Centralized Architecture
- All computing functions managed from a single location or authority
- Components
- Central Server
- Mainframe
- Data Center
- Data and applications stored in one place, accessed via a network
- Benefits
- Efficiency and Control
- High resource control and efficient resource allocation
- Easier to manage and maintain the system
- Central authority allocates resources as needed
- Consistency
- Ensures uniform and accurate data across the organization
- All data is stored in one place
- Cost-effective
- Reduced maintenance and infrastructure costs
- There is only one system to maintain
- Efficiency and Control
- Risks
- Single Point of Failure
- Server failure can disrupt the entire network
- Scalability Issues
- Struggles to handle growth, leading to performance problems
- Security Risks
- Attractive targets for cybercriminals; compromised server risks data and app security
- Single Point of Failure
Decentralized Architecture
- Computing functions distributed across multiple systems or locations
- No single point of control; each node operates independently and contributes to the overall function of the system
- Benefits
- Resilience
- Can continue functioning despite individual node failures
- Scalability
- Easily scales with organization growth by adding new nodes
- Flexibility
- Supports remote work arrangements and distributed teams
- Resilience
- Risks
- Security Risks
- Vulnerable to security threats, especially in remote work scenarios
- Remote work arrangements can expose the network to additional threats as each remote connection is a potential entry point for cyber criminals
- Management Challenges
- Complex management, coordinating multiple nodes and ensuring they all function correctly
- Data Inconsistency
- Potential issues with data consistency and synchronization
- Security Risks
Considerations for Choosing Architecture
- Choice depends on the organization's specific needs and context
- Centralized systems for
- Data accuracy and resource management priorities
- Decentralized systems for
- Resilience, flexibility, and rapid scaling needs