Centralized vs Decentralized Architectures

(OBJ 3.1)

Centralized Architecture

• All computing functions managed from a single location or authority
• Components
  • Central Server
  • Mainframe
  • Data Center
• Data and applications stored in one place, accessed via a network
• Benefits
  • Efficiency and Control
    • High resource control and efficient resource allocation
    • Easier to manage and maintain the system
    • Central authority allocates resources as needed
  • Consistency
    • Ensures uniform and accurate data across the organization
    • All data is stored in one place
  • Cost-effective
    • Reduced maintenance and infrastructure costs
    • There is only one system to maintain
• Risks
  • Single Point of Failure
    • Server failure can disrupt the entire network
  • Scalability Issues
    • Struggles to handle growth, leading to performance problems
  • Security Risks
    • Attractive targets for cybercriminals; compromised server risks data and app security

Decentralized Architecture

• Computing functions distributed across multiple systems or locations
• No single point of control; each node operates independently and contributes to the overall function of the system
• Benefits
  • Resilience
    • Can continue functioning despite individual node failures
  • Scalability
    • Easily scales with organization growth by adding new nodes
  • Flexibility
    • Supports remote work arrangements and distributed teams
• Risks
  • Security Risks
    • Vulnerable to security threats, especially in remote work scenarios
    • Remote work arrangements can expose the network to additional threats as each remote connection is a potential entry point for cyber criminals
  • Management Challenges
    • Complex management, coordinating multiple nodes and ensuring they all function correctly
  • Data Inconsistency
    • Potential issues with data consistency and synchronization

Considerations for Choosing Architecture

• Choice depends on the organization's specific needs and context
• Centralized systems for
  • Data accuracy and resource management priorities
• Decentralized systems for
  • Resilience, flexibility, and rapid scaling needs