Internet of Things (IoT)

(OBJ 3.1 & 4.1)

Internet of Things (IoT) - Net+

• Network of physical devices with sensors, software, and connectivity
• Enables data exchange among connected objects

Hub/Control System

• Key component of IoT ("The heart of IoT")
• Central component connecting IoT devices
• Collects, processes, analyzes data, and sends commands back to them
• Can be a physical device or software platform
• Example:
  • The Hub may connect to smart lights, thermostats, and security systems
  • Process data to interact with these devices, change temp, activate alarm, etc.

Smart Devices

• Everyday objects enhanced with computing and internet capabilities
• Sense environment, process data, and perform tasks autonomously
• Considered Building blocks of IoT
• Examples:
  • Household appliances like refrigerators and washing machines
  • Industrial equipment like manufacturing robots and agricultural drones

Wearables

• Subset of smart devices worn on the body
• Monitor health, provide real-time information/metrics, and offer hands-free interface
• Example:
  • Smartwatches, fitness trackers, and smart glasses
  • VR headsets and AR glasses provide immersive experiences

Sensors

• Detect changes in environment, convert into analyzable data
• Measure various parameters (temperature, pressure, motion, etc.)
• Enable interaction and autonomous decisions in smart devices

IoT Risks

• Weak Default Settings
  • Common security risk
  • Default usernames/passwords are easy targets for hackers
    • Can provide an easy entry point for hackers
  • Changing defaults upon installation is essential
• Poorly Configured Network Services
  • Devices may have vulnerabilities due to open ports, unencrypted communications
    • Exposes devices to the internet
  • Unnecessary services can increase attack surface
  • Keeping IoT devices on a separate network is recommended