M15 Practice Quiz

#sec_architecture #cloud #IoT #network

Question 1

  1. Which term in cloud computing refers to the speed at which the system can adapt to changes in demand and why is it important for businesses to ensure a smooth customer experience?

    Options:

    • Scalability
    • Resilience
    • Responsiveness
    • Availability

    Overall explanation:

    • Responsiveness in cloud computing refers to how quickly the system can adapt to changes in demand. For example, if a business experiences a sudden surge in website traffic, a responsive cloud service could automatically allocate more resources to handle the increased load.
    • This ensures that the website remains operational and provides a smooth experience for users.

    Tags: On-premise versus the Cloud

Question 2

  1. Which concept refers to the shifting of some risks from the customer to the cloud service provider?

    Options:

    • Risk Avoidance
    • Risk Acceptance
    • Risk Mitigation
    • Risk Transference

    Overall explanation:

    • Risk Transference in cloud computing involves shifting certain risks from the customer to the cloud service provider. For instance, the risk of maintaining the infrastructure and ensuring uptime is transferred to the provider. However, the customer is still responsible for securing their data and applications.

    Tags: On-premise versus the Cloud, Cloud Security

Question 3

  1. Which of the following is a solution to mitigate shared physical server vulnerabilities?

    Options:

    • Avoiding regular vulnerability scanning
    • Ignoring user activities
    • Implementing strong isolation mechanisms
    • Using insecure multi-tenancy

    Overall explanation:

    • Strong isolation mechanisms, such as hypervisor protection and secure multi-tenancy, can ensure that activities in one virtual environment do not affect others, thus mitigating shared physical server vulnerabilities.

    Tags: Network Infrastructure

Question 4

  1. What is a crucial step in preventing inadequate user access management?

    Options:

    • Using weak passwords
    • Ignoring user activity monitoring
    • Providing excessive permissions
    • Enforcing strong password policies

    Overall explanation:

    • Enforcing strong password policies is a crucial step in preventing unauthorized access to sensitive data and systems, which is a risk associated with inadequate user access management.

    Tags: Cloud Security

Question 5

  1. Which of the following statements about virtualization and containerization is NOT correct?

    Options:

    • Type 1 hypervisors operate within a standard operating system, such as Windows, Mac, or Linux. 
    • Docker, Kubernetes, and Red Hat OpenShift are popular containerization technologies.
    • Virtualization allows for the emulation of servers, each running its own operating system within a virtual machine.
    • Containerization involves encapsulating an application in a container with its own operating environment.

    Overall explanation:

    • Type 1 hypervisors, also known as bare metal or native hypervisors, run directly on the host hardware and function similarly to an operating system. They do not operate within a standard operating system.
    • On the other hand, Type 2 hypervisors operate within a standard operating system, such as Windows, Mac, or Linux.

    Tags: Virtualization and Containerization

Question 6

  1. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of serverless computing?

    Options:

    • Automatic scaling
    • Easier testing and debugging
    • Cost reduction
    • Increased focus on coding

    Overall explanation:

    • Serverless computing offers numerous benefits such as cost reduction, automatic scaling, and allowing developers to focus more on coding rather than managing and operating servers. However, easier testing and debugging is not one of them. In fact, testing and debugging serverless applications can be more challenging due to their distributed nature. Traditional testing and debugging tools may not be suitable for serverless applications, requiring new tools and approaches.

    Tags: Serverless

Question 7

  1. Which of the following is a challenge in microservices architecture?

    Options:

    • Faster Deployment
    • Scalability
    • Flexibility
    • Network Latency

    Overall explanation:

    • While scalability, flexibility, and faster deployment are benefits of a microservices architecture, network latency is a challenge. Increased inter-service communication can lead to network latency and slower response times.

    Tags: Microservices

Question 8

  1. Which of the following is NOT a method of achieving logical separation in network infrastructure?

    Options:

    • Using firewalls to create a screened subnet
    • Implementing rules and policies on network devices
    • Using VLANs to segregate network traffic
    • Physically disconnecting a system from other networks

    Overall explanation:

    • Logical separation in network infrastructure is achieved through methods that create boundaries within a network to restrict access to certain areas.
    • This can be done using VLANs, firewalls, and implementing rules and policies on network devices.
    • Physically disconnecting a system from other networks, also known as "air gapping," is a method of achieving physical separation, not logical separation.

    Tags: Network Infrastructure

Question 9

  1. Which of the following best describes the role of the control plane in Software-Defined Networking (SDN)?

    Options:

    • It is responsible for moving data packets from one place to another.
    • It houses the network applications that instruct the controller.
    • It is a centralized system that manages the physical aspects of the network.
    • It decides where traffic is sent across the network.

    Overall explanation:

    • In Software-Defined Networking (SDN), the control plane is the 'brain' of the network. It makes decisions about where traffic is sent. Unlike traditional network architectures where each router has its own control plane, in SDN, the control plane is centralized. This means that one central controller dictates the traffic flow across the entire network, making the network more manageable and flexible.

    Tags: Software-Defined Network (SDN)

Question 10

  1. What is a significant challenge in securing embedded systems?

    Options:

    • Firmware Code Control
    • Use of Wrappers
    • Inability to Patch
    • Easy to apply patches

    Overall explanation:

    • While firmware code control and the use of wrappers are strategies for securing embedded systems, they are not challenges.
    • On the other hand, the inability to patch is a significant challenge in securing embedded systems. Many embedded systems operate in environments where downtime is not acceptable, or they may be physically hard to reach, making patch application difficult.
    • Option A, easy to apply patches, is not typically a characteristic of embedded systems, making it an incorrect choice.

    Tags: Embedded Systems

Question 11

  1. In an Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, which component serves as the central point that connects all IoT devices and enables them to communicate?

    Options:

    • Wearables
    • Hub/Control System
    • Smart Devices
    • Sensors

    Overall explanation:

    • In an IoT ecosystem, the hub/control system acts as the central point that connects all IoT devices, enabling them to communicate with each other. It collects, processes, and analyzes data from various devices and then sends commands back to them. This allows for seamless interaction and data exchange among all connected devices.

    Tags: Internet of Things (IoT)

Question 12

  1. Which of the following best describes a non-idempotent operation in the context of Infrastructure as Code (IaC)?

    Options:

    • An operation that produces the same results no matter how many times it's executed.
    • An operation that executes only once.
    • An operation that produces different results each time it's executed.
    • An operation that cannot be automated.

    Overall explanation:

    • In the context of IaC, idempotence refers to the ability of an operation to produce the same results no matter how many times it's executed. Therefore, a non-idempotent operation would produce different results each time it's executed.

    Tags: Infrastructure as Code (IaC)

Question 13

  1. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a potential risk associated with a decentralized architecture?

    Options:

    • A cybercriminal targets the central server, compromising all data and applications.
    • The remote work arrangement exposes the network to additional threats, as each remote connection is a potential entry point for cybercriminals.
    • The failure of the central server disrupts the entire network, leading to significant downtime.
    • As the organization grows, the central server struggles to handle the increased load, leading to performance issues.

    Overall explanation:

    • While decentralized architectures offer greater flexibility and can support remote work arrangements, they can also expose the network to additional security threats. Each remote connection in a decentralized system is a potential entry point for cybercriminals, making it a significant risk associated with this type of architecture.
    • The other scenarios are more related to risks associated with centralized architectures.

    Tags: Centralized vs Decentralized Architectures

Question 14

  1. Which system is typically used for geographically dispersed industrial processes?

    Options:

    • DCS
    • PLC
    • ICS
    • SCADA

    Overall explanation:

    • SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems are typically used to monitor and control industrial processes that are geographically dispersed.

    Tags: ICS and SCADA