Secure Baselines

(OBJ .)

Standard set of security configurations and controls applied to systems, networks, or applications to ensure a minimum level of security
Helps organizations maintain consistent security postures and mitigate common vulnerabilities

The process begins with a thorough assessment of the system, network, or application that requires protection
Identify the type of data involved, understand data workflows, and evaluate potential vulnerabilities and threats
Best practices, industry standards, and compliance requirements (e.g., ISO 27001, NIST SP 800-53) are used as starting points for defining the secure baseline
Create a secure baseline configuration by securing the operating system on a reference device (e.g., a laptop)

Install, update, configure, and secure the operating system on the reference device
Check the device against baseline configuration guides and scan for known vulnerabilities or misconfigurations
Install required applications (e.g., Microsoft Office suite, endpoint detection and response agents)
Scan for vulnerabilities in the installed applications and remediate them
Create an image of the reference device as the "known good and secure baseline”

Configure firewalls, set up user permissions, implement encryption protocols, and ensure antivirus and anti-malware solutions are properly installed and updated
Use automated tools and scripts to ensure consistent application of the secure baseline across devices
In a Windows environment, Group Policy Objects (GPO) can be used to dictate policies, user rights, and audit settings
In cloud environments (e.g., AWS), services like AWS Config are employed to define and deploy secure configurations

Lock down systems to prevent unauthorized software installation or configuration changes
Regular audits, monitoring, and continuous assessment are required to keep the baseline up-to-date
Continuous monitoring tools help identify deviations from the baseline and trigger alerts for immediate remediation
Periodically review and update the secure baseline to adapt to changes in organizational infrastructure, business needs, and emerging threats

Conduct training sessions to educate employees about the importance of adhering to secure baseline configurations
Raise awareness about the potential risks of deviating from the baseline
Encourage employees to report any suspicious activities they notice when using their systems