UC Challenges

• On / Off premise call control
• Capacity planning
  • Users
  • Services
  • Bandwidth
    • One bandwidth requirement for phone calls and another for conferences etc.
• Handling Congestions
  • How do we determine what comes in or out first
• Collaboration
• Licensing

On Premise vs Off Premise Solutions

• On premise
  • Phone lines to building
  • No calls over Internet link
  • Equipment must be managed
• Off premise
  • Route IP to a bank of phone lines
  • Calling crosses Internet / WAN
  • Server operation can be internal or external

Capacity Planning

• 20 % overhead is common
• Licensing is 1-3-5 year typically
  • Easier to add than to downsize
• Collaborative Applications
• Forecasting - video utilization %
• Machine Learning / Artificial Intelligence

Handling Congestion

• Quality of Service

• Layer 2 QoS

  • Identify what packets are more important than others
  • 802.1q VLAN TAG can have priority bits to determine priority

• Layer 3 QOS

  • ToS IPv4

• Queuing Strategies

  • In times of congestions who do we get out of here first?
  • We need to start of with a minimum of 2
  • A Queue is a holding area were packets get send.
  • Firewalls can support multiple queues

• Traffic Policing

  • Setting a speed limit
  • When you see traffic from subnet A to subnet B how fast does TCP try to send the data? As fast as it can, so we can go ahead and limit it at some point.
  • We can conserve bandwith to be available for other applications

• Cisco QoS levels

  • LLQ - Low Latency Queue
    • This is the VIP line
    • When a packet has a certain marking/tag
  • BEQ - Best Effort Queue