Copper Cable

Comes from a server provider
One conductor
- Solid cord in the middle
- PCB clothing
- Any time you have a piece of wire, it wan pick up interference, so we need the shielding.
- Inner insulated conductor
- Surrounding mesh/foil
  - Resistant to EMI
Two conductors: Twinaxial Cables
- Due to cost efficiency, it is commonly used in very short-range high-speed differential signaling applications, such as SATA 3.0 cables and uplinks between SFP+ modules in switches or routers.
Has impedance that needs to be balanced
- Drag/delay
Types:
- RG-59: composite video - short distance
- RG-6: connects homes to cable company
- RG-58: early 10BASE2 Ethernet networks
RG - Radio Guide

Twinaxial cabling, or "Twinax", is a type of cable similar to coaxial cable, but with two inner conductors instead of one. Due to cost efficiency, it is commonly used in very short-range high-speed differential signaling applications, such as SATA 3.0 cables and uplinks between SFP+ modules in switches or routers.

Ethernet Standards:

Riser-rated (CMR) cables:
- Designed for vertical spaces between floors (e.g., riser shafts).
- Compliant with fire safety standards to limit flame spread in non-plenum environments.
- Insulation material resists fire but is not suitable for air circulation spaces.
- Used in walls and ceilings within a single building.
Plenum-rated (CMP) cables:
- Designed for use in air circulation spaces (e.g., air ducts, ceilings with HVAC systems).
- Made from fire-resistant materials to meet stricter fire codes.
- Features low-smoke, non-toxic construction to reduce risks in case of fire.
- Ideal for areas where cables are exposed to air flow.