ICS and SCADA

(OBJ 3.1 & 4.1)

Systems used to monitor and control industrial processes, found in various industries like electrical, water, oil, gas, and data
Distributed Control Systems (DCS)
- Used in control production systems within a single location
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)
- Used to control specific processes such as assembly lines and factories

Type of ICS designed for monitoring and controlling geographically dispersed industrial processes
Common in industries like
- Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution systems
- Water treatment and distribution systems
- Oil and gas pipeline monitoring and control systems
ICS and SCADA systems were originally designed to work in isolated environments where security was not a primary concern. However, with the advent of digitalization and connectivity, these systems are now more exposed to cyber threat.

Unauthorized Access
- Unauthorized individuals can manipulate system operations without proper protection
Malware Attacks
- Vulnerable to disruptive malware attacks
Lack of Updates
- Many running outdated software with unpatched vulnerabilities
Physical Threats
- Susceptible to damage to hardware or infrastructure

Implement Strong Access Controls
- Strong passwords
- Two-factor authentication
- Limited access to authorized personnel only
Regularly Update and Patch Systems
- Keep systems updated to protect against known vulnerabilities
Use Firewall and Intrusion Detection Systems
- Detect and prevent unauthorized access
Conduct Regular Security Audits
- Identify and address potential vulnerabilities through routine assessments
Employee Training
- Train employees on security awareness and response to potential threats